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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' understanding of their own resistance to change and the relational affordances they were able to draw from were important. 프라그마틱 게임 from TS and ZL, for example mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see the example 2). This article examines all local research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic issues such as: Discourse Construction Tests The Discourse Completion Test (DCT) is a widely used instrument in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For instance, the DCT cannot account for cultural and personal differences in communicative behavior. Furthermore the DCT is susceptible to bias and may lead to overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully prior to using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to manipulate social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps could be a plus. This feature can be used to study the effect of prosody in different cultural contexts. In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools used to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate various issues such as the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners speaking. Recent research has used an DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. The participants were given various scenarios and were required to choose a suitable response from the choices provided. The authors discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods, such as videos or questionnaires. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data. DCTs can be developed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as the form and content. These criterion are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers. They may not be exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs are more likely to resist native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences as well as their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing an atypical behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found to employ euphemistic phrases such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, which led to an inadequate knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and 2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two independent coders, were then coded. The code was re-coded repeatedly and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of coding were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior. Refusal Interviews (RIs) The central problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study attempted to answer this question using a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were required to consider their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could produce native-like patterns. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their choice to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relational advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors facilitated an easier performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university. The interviewees expressed their concern about the social pressures or penalties they could be subject to when their social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as “foreignersand consider them ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native speakers' pragmatic norms are not the default preference for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. But it is advisable for future researchers to reassess their usefulness in particular situations and in various cultural contexts. 프라그마틱 순위 will help them better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students from L2. This will also assist educators to improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that uses numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of research is ideal for studying unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess with other methods. The first step in a case study is to clearly define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the subject matter are crucial for investigation and which ones are best left out. It is also useful to read the research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the situation within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely vulnerable to the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on precise pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to include their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers. Moreover, the participants of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding knowledge of the world. The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to connect to, and she therefore refused to ask about the health of her interlocutors despite having an intense workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would ask.